Analysis of ginseng root and leaf by multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography

Abstract

A multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography system, including size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), for the analysis of macromolecules and micromolecules in ginseng root and leaf was developed. The columns were connected by two switching valves. Macromolecules were separated on a SEC column (TSK gel SuperMultipore PW-H column, 6?mm× 150?mm, 8?μm) by isocratic elution of 50?mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution, 0.3?mL/min of flow rate and detected by evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Micromolecules were analyzed on a Poroshell RP column (Agilent Poroshell 120?SB-Aq column, 4.6?mm × 50?mm, 2.7 µm) with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile, 0.6?mL/min of flow rate and detected by ultraviolet detection (UV). As a result, in the macromolecules chromatogram of ginseng root sample showed two main peaks while only one major peak for ginseng leaf. For micromolecules analysis, 17 compounds (3 nucleosides + 14 saponins) and 17 compounds (3 nucleosides + 1 flavonoid + 13 saponins) were found in ginseng root and leaf, respectively. The developed method is helpful for the quality evaluation of ginseng root and leaf.     

Two novel abietane dimers from transformed root cultures of Salvia broussonetii

Broussonetone A (1) and broussonetone B (2), two novel dimeric abietane diterpenes, have been isolated from Salvia broussonetii root cultures transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The structure of broussonetone A was determined from spectroscopic data and confirmed by X-ray analysis. This dimer can be formed by a [4+2]-cycloaddition of two molecules of 13β-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one. NMR data of broussonetone B indicated that the C-20 methyl in part B of the broussonetone A molecule had been substituted by an aldehyde group. Thus, broussonetone B could be formed by an analogous Diels Alder reaction between 13β-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one as the dienophile and its 20-oxo derivative as the electrophile.     

线性常系数非齐次微分方程的特解公式

用初等方法得到n阶线性常系数非齐次方程y(n)+a1y(n-1)+…+any=Pm(x)eλx特解y*的求解公式,使求y*的计算比较简单.     

分数布朗运动参数估计

为了估计分形布朗运动参数,作者进一步修改了Wornell算法.克服了Wornell算法要求样本数量大的缺陷.在仿真中,和lance等人修改的Wornell算法相比较,算法达到了更高的精度,并以均方根误差和标准差为指标说明了本文方法的优越性.     

胞外高钾对大鼠背根神经元超极化电流的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了胞外高钾对大鼠背根神经元（DRG）超极化电流（Ih）的影响．结果表明,Ih随着胞外钾离子浓度的增大而增大,同时随着外加刺激电压的增高而增强．当胞外钾离子浓度[Kext]为4,8和16mmol／L时,半数激活电压V1/2分别为-98±1．9,-106±1．3（p〈0．05）和-110±1．0mV（p〈0．05）,其对应的最大电流的峰值分别为1085±340,1576±409和2124±614pA,与4mmol／L比较,后者分别增长了45％和92％．胞外高钾使,Ih激活曲线显著左移,说明高Kext改变了超极化电流的激活过程．提高细胞外钾离子浓度,可以使早期钾通道（又称快通道）的激活时间常数增大,使晚期钾通道（又称慢通道）激活时间常数减小．当胞外钾离子浓度由4mmol／L升高到8和16mmol／L时,翻转电位右移,但不具有显著性差异．结果提示,细胞外高浓度钾可增强大鼠背根神经元超极化电流,Ih,改变Ih的激活过程,从而提高了神经元的兴奋性,产生不正常的动作电位,对神经细胞产生损伤．     

计算非负不可约矩阵Perron根的对角变换(英文)

计算非负矩阵Perron根一般通过矩阵的对角变换,但是有的时候是不可行的.本文为非负不可约矩阵的计算给了一列对角变换.此种变换对所有的非负不可约矩阵实用,并且方便计算,最后给出了数值例子.     

川芎栽培土壤中重金属镉的动态监测

目的：连续多年监测彭州敖平镇川芎药材栽培土壤中重金属镉的含量,分析其对川芎药材中镉含量的影响。方法根据前期研究结果选取敖平镇部分川芎种植地固定采集样品。按照国家标准方法,采取0～20 cm连续根系土柱和川芎药材。采用火焰法对抽样土壤及川芎药材中镉的含量进行检测分析。结果采样区域内土壤中镉含量均符合国家二级土壤环境质量标准;部分土壤中镉的含量呈明显增长趋势。结论川芎种植土壤中镉含量与环境有较高关联,水泥厂粉尘等污染源是土壤中镉含量增加的重要来源。     

IS THERE UNIT ROOT IN THE NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS: A MONTE CARLO INVESTIGATION?

Abstract Use of the time‐series econometric techniques to investigate issues about environmental regulation requires knowing whether air pollution emissions are trend stationary or difference stationary. It has been shown that results regarding trend stationarity of the pollution data are sensitive to the methods used. I conduct a Monte Carlo experiment to study the size and power of two unit root tests that allow for a structural change in the trend at a known time using the data‐generating process calibrated to the actual pollution series. I find that finite sample properties of the Perron test are better than the Park and Sung Phillips‐Perron (PP) type test. Severe size distortions in the Park and Sung PP type test can explain the rejection of a unit root in air pollution emissions reported in some environmental regulation analyses.